Non Destructive Testing
OBJECTIVE
Detect, locate and characterize flaws (cracks, voids, inclusions) in materials and structures by using ultrasonic wave
METHOD
Observe the wave phenomena (transmission, reflection, refraction, diffraction or scattering) occurred caused by the interaction between the flaw and the ultrasonic wave
Illustration of the various applications of ultrasonic in NDT of materials is shown below.
Ultrasonic NDT in various industries is shown at Table 1.
Table 1. Ultrasonic in Non Destruction Testing
INDUSTRY |
MATERIALS/EQUIPMENTS |
DEFECTS |
Basic metal |
Steel, aluminum, iron, magnesium, etc |
Porosity, inclusions, center pipe |
Metal fabricators |
Plate, sheet, pipe, tubing, forgings, extrusions, die block, casting |
Lamination, seams, inclusion, bursts, flaking, porosity, concentricity |
Aircraft |
Aircraft engine components, propeller, airframe components, landing gears |
Fatigue cracks, internal flaws in materials |
Automotive |
Body panel sheets, engine and transmission parts |
Lamination, cracks |
Automotive |
Body panel sheets, engine and transmission part |
Lamination, cracks |
Rubber |
Tires |
Ply separation, ply thickness |
Plastics |
Plastics and ceramics, fiberglass-reinforced |
Porosity, inclusions, cracks delamination |
Railroads |
Rails, axels and crankshafts in engine and rolling stock |
Fatigue cracks |
Metal stamping |
Track and wheels, sheet stock,crankshafts, punch press |
Cracks, laminations, inclusions, fatigue cracks |
Electric power |
Turbines and generators, piping,pressure vessel, penstocks |
Internal cracks and flawsseams weld defects |
Chemical and refineries |
Compressors, vessels and piping |
Connecting rods, seams, lamination, weld defects |
Mining and quarryng |
Hoist and crusher shafts |
Fatigue cracks |
Marine |
Hull plate, propellers shafts |
Laminations, weld flaw cracks, porosity cracks |
Metallurgy |
All metals |
Physical constants, grain size |